Space Image Source of images for the 2018 Martian Global Dust Storm: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS. Weather data for MSL during this storm is on Table 1 below.
2018 GLOBAL DUST STORM WEATHER
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ALL MSL WEATHER
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MSL Weather Year 2
MSL Weather Year 1
155-Mile high Mars Plume
March 25 2017 Plume
Sol 370, 1160,1161, 1300&1301 pressure anomalies
MSL Hi Air & Ground Temps
MSL Low Temps
Warm winter ground temps & life
RUNNING WATER ON MARS
Report Abstract to 1.2
Report Sec.2-2.1
Report Sec.2.2-2.4
Report 2.5-2.5.2
Report 2.5.3-2.7
Report 3-4
Report 4.1-4.2
Report 5 to 6
Report 7-7.2.1
Report 8
Report 9
Report 10
Report 11 Global Dust Storm
Report 12
Report 13-13.2
Report 13.3-13.5
Report 13.6
Report 14-15
Report 15.1
Report 15.2-15.3
Report 15.4-15.6.2
Report 15.6.1-15.6.3
Report 15.6.4-15.7
Report 16-16.1
Report New 17-20
Report Afterword
Report References
Report 21
Annex Links
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Diurnal air temp. variation
Oxygen&Trees on Mars?
Phobos Monolith
Beagle 2 found
Adiabatics
Concession by Ashima
Old MSL Weather 1
Old MSL Weather 2
High and low pressures normalized
Soil 2% water
MSL Temp. ∆ Mast to Ground
Relative humidity
Mars sky color
Tavis Sensor Suspicion
Vailsala Sensor: Phoenix&MSL
Mars Temps Fahrenheit
Pathfinder pressures
Wind Booms & Disinformation
Ingersoll Debate
Daylight-math-fix
Curiosity Geology
Early MSL Weather Reports
Landing altitudes
Mars Mission History & Sites
Nuc on Mars?
Ashima/MIT GCM Critique
NASA alters temp. data
Viking pressure sensors failed
Dust Storm Nonsense
JPL Press Conference Critique 1
Navigating Mars
Phobos Grunt Failure
Moving sand & Mars winds
Moving rock
Data Fudge
Fossil found on Mars?
Organic Chem found on Mars
MSL Sol 200 Anomaly
Gil Levin & Labeled Release - Part 1
Levin & Labeled Release - Pt. 2 - Roswell Link
Brine on Mars
Lights on Ceres
Yr 1 Table 1
Spherical life on Mars?
Scale heights
REMS flaws
MSL Daylength &Temp
Missing data
ExoMars crash
Lima 3
Desai & EDL
Sea at Utopia Planitia Mars
Mars winter vs. summer temps
Rebuttal of REMS Report
Unrealistic Ground Low Temps
Mt. Sharp pressures & scale height
Opacity at MSL
Helo to Mars
Custom 2
Sols 2080 to 2148. Updated 9/9/2018.
On Table 1 column subjects and color codings are as follows (Note: JPL calls the first year of MSL on Mars "Year 0," the second year Year 1, the third year Year 2 and the 4th year Year 3):
| Column A (Sol). The Martian day is about 39 minutes longer than the terrestrial day. Column B is solar longitude (Ls). MSL is in the Southern Hemisphere on Mars. The landing was at Ls 150 in winter. Ls 180 begins the spring there. Ls 270 starts summer, Ls 0 starts the fall. Ls 90 starts the winter. Column C shows the pressure reported by the REMS Team. Column D shows the date on Earth. Column E shows the maximum air temperature. With respect to the freezing point, from 0° C at 1 atm pressure it will increase up to 0.01° C at 0.006 atm (which is about the average pressure on Mars as given by NASA). This is the triple point of water. At pressures below this, water will never be liquid. It will change directly between solid and gas phase (sublimation). The temperature for this phase change, the sublimation point, will decrease as the pressure is further decreased Column F shows minimum air temperature. Column G shows the air temperature range for each sol. On Earth temperatures can vary by 40 °C in deserts. In column G where the range is 59 °C or less yellow background coloring points that out. The National Park Service claims the world record in a diurnal temperature variation is 102 °F (57 °C) (from 46 °F (8 °C) to −56 °F (−49 °C)) in Browning, Montana (elevation 4,377 feet/1,334 meters) on January 23 to 24, 1916. There were 2 days in Montana where the temperature changed by 57 °C. | Column H shows temperature range divided by 40. This allows us to compare terrestrial deserts with Gale Crater, Mars. How much cooling occurs at night is related to the density of the atmosphere. Here we see the ratio of cooling on a Mars sol to the typical 40 °C cooling figure for Earth's deserts shown with a green background when that ratio is under 1.5. For MSL Year 1 when we altered the devisor from 40 °C to 57 °C then 88 of the ratios were altered to 1 or less than 1, meaning that Martian air pressure is indeed likely much higher than NASA claims. Column I shows maximum ground temperature. As with terrestrial deserts, the ground on Mars heats more during the day than the air does, and it cools more at night than the air does. In Column K when the maximum ground temperature is given by REMS is above 0°C it is shown with a red background. Column J shows the minimum ground temperature. When it is -90 °C or colder the background is in purple. The ground temperatures are not very precise. The requirement was to measure ground brightness temperature over the range from 150 to 300 K with a resolution of 2 K and an accuracy of 10 K. Column K. Drop in ground temperature from day to night. Column L shows the increase in temperature from the mast 1.5 meters above the ground down to the ground during the daylight hours. In column N anytime there is an increase in temperature of 11 °C or more this in indicated with a dark blue background.
| Column M shows the decrease in temperature from the ground to the air at nights. If the data were valid we would expect similar heating or cooling to occur over the set distance from ground to boom. A quick survey of the data immediately shows that this was not found. In column L we see a variation in heating between 0 °C and at least 15 °C with a 54 °C anomaly on Sol 1,070. For nighttime cooling any variation from 11°C to 19°C is shown with a medium blue background. More than that is shown with a dark blue background. Column N shows the pressure for the same Ls in MSL Year 1. Column O shows the absolute value of the change in pressure in Pascals from the same Ls in the previous year (Column [M] - [C]). Column P shows the original pressure for the same Ls in MSL Year 1 before JPL revised their data. Column Q shows the Ls during Year 1. Column R shows the UV for the sol in Year 2. Column S shows the UV for the sol in Year 1. All sols in MSL Year 1 and Year 2 have opacity listed as “sunny” which seems dubious. Column T shows comments, if any.
|
| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U
|
| SOL | ~LS | PRESSURE Pa | EARTH DATE | MAX AIR TEMP °C | MIN AIR TEMP °C | AIR TEMP RANGE °C | AIR TEMP RANGE °C/40 | MAX GROUND TEMP °C | MIN GROUND TEMP °C | ∆ GROUND TEMP DAY TO NIGHT | DAYTIME CHANGE IN TEMP °C AIR TO GROUND | NIGHTTIME CHANGE IN TEMP °C AIR TO GROUND | PRESSURE AT SAME LS IN MSL YEAR 3 | ∆ PRESSURE YEAR 4 TO YEAR 3 SAME LS | ~LS year 3 | PRESSURE YEAR 1 BEFORE REVISION | UV YR 4 | UV YR 3 | MSL YEAR 3 SOL FOR THIS LS/ COMMENTS | MSL Altitude meters below areoid |
| YELLOW IF <60 °C | GREEN IF<1.5 | RED IF > 0 °C | PURPLE = >-90°C OR COLDER | YELLOW NUMBERS = -80 to -89 °C, red background = -90°C or colder drop | BLUE = >10°C | PURPLE = >10°C | YELLOW = > 7 Pa) | |||||||||||||
| 2080 | 192 | 768 | 6/13/2018 | 2 | -67 | 69 | 1.725 | 11 | -70 | -81 | 9 | -3 | 782 | -14 | 192 | N/A | H | H | (1412) | -4,192 |
| 2081 | 192 | 770 | 6/14/2018 Dust storm | -3 | -69 | 66 | 1.65 | 6 | -71 | -77 | 9 | -2 | 784 | -14 | 193 | N/A | M | H | (1413) | -4,192
|
| 2082 | 193 | 768 | 6/15/201 Dust storm | -15 | -64 | 49 | 1.225 | 0 | -64 | -64 | 15 | 0 | 785 | -17 | 193 | N/A | L | H | (1414) | -4,192 |
| 2083 | 194 | 769 | 6/16/2018 Dust storm | -14 | -63 | 49 | 1.225 | -1 | -63 | -62 | 13 | 0 | 787 | -18 | 194 | N/A | L | H | (1415) | -4,192 |
| 2084 | 194 | 771 | 6/17/2018 Dust storm | -21 | -65 | 44 | 1.1 | -14 | -58 | -44 | 7 | +7 | 791 | -20 | 194 | N/A | L | H | (1416) | -4,192 |
| 2085 | 195 | 772 | 6/18/2018 Dust storm | -24 | -58 | 34 | 0.85 | -17 | -56 | -39 | 7 | +2 | 791 | -19 | 195 | N/A | L | H | (1417) | -4,192 |
| 2086 | 195 | 776 | 6/19/2018 Dust storm | -25 | -57 | 32 | 0.8 | -17 | -58 | -41 | 8 | -1 | 793 | -17 | 196 | N/A | L | H | (1418) | -4,191 |
| 2087 | 196 | 780 | 6/20/2018 Dust storm | -28 | -59 | 31 | 0.775 | -15 | -57 | -42 | 13 | +2 | 793 | -13 | 196 | N/A | L | H | (1419) | -4,192 |
| 2088 | 196 | 778 | 6/21/2018 Dust storm | -24 | -58 | 34 | 0.85 | -16 | -58 | -42 | 8 | 0 | 793 | -15 | 197 | N/A | L | H | (1420) | -4,193 |
| 2089 | 197 | 779 | 6/22/2018 Dust storm | -26 | -59 | 33 | 0.825 | -15 | -59 | -44 | 11 | 0 | 797 | -18 | 197 | N/A | L | H | (1421) | -4,192 |
| 2090 | 198 | 778 | 6/23/2018 Dust storm | -23 | -61 | 38 | 0.95 | -14 | -61 | -47 | 9 | 0 | 800 | -22 | 198 | N/A | L | H | (1422) | -4,193 |
| 2091 | 198 | 779 | 6/24/2018 Dust storm | -22 | -63 | 41 | 1.025 | -13 | -60 | -47 | 9 | +3 | 800 | -21 | 199 | N/A | L | H | (1423) | |
| 2092 | 199 | 781 | 6/25/2018 Dust storm | -24 | -67 | 43 | 1.075 | -12 | -62 | -50 | 12 | +5 | 803 | -22 | 199 | N/A | L | H | (1424) | -4,186 |
| 2093 | 199 | 780 | 6/26/2018 Dust storm | -24 | -63 | 39 | 0.975 | -14 | -60 | -46 | 10 | +3 | 804 | -24 | 200 | N/A | L | H | (1425) | |
| 2094 | 200 | 783 | 6/27/2018 Dust storm | -27 | -61 | 34 | 0.85 | -17 | -60 | -43 | 10 | +1 | 803 | -20 | 200 | N/A | L | H | (1426) | -4,177 |
| 2095 | 201 | 784 | 6/28/2018 Dust storm | -25 | -61 | 36 | 0.9 | -17 | -60 | -43 | 8 | +1 | 807 | -23 | 201 | N/A | L | VH | (1427) | -4,171 |
| 2096 | 201 | 788 | 6/29/2018 Dust storm | -22 | -63 | 41 | 1.025 | -15 | -59 | -44 | 7 | +4 | 808 | -20 | 202 | N/A | L | VH | (1428) | |
| 2097 | 202 | 789 | 6/30/2018 Dust storm | -23 | -60 | 37 | 0.925 | -16 | -59 | -43 | 7 | +1 | 810 | -21 | 202 | N/A | L | VH | (1429) | |
| 2098 | 203 | 791 | 7/1/2018 Dust storm | -23 | -61 | 38 | 0.95 | -17 | -59 | -42 | 6 | +2 | 810 | -19 | 203 | N/A | L | H | (1430) | -4,165 |
| 2099 | 203 | 791 | 7/2/2018 Dust storm | -25 | -61 | 36 | 0.9 | -16 | -58 | -42 | 9 | +3 | 811 | -20 | 204 | N/A | L | H | (1431) | |
| 2100 | 204 | 797 | 7/3/2018 Dust storm | -29 | -61 | 32 | 0.8 | -24 | -59 | -35 | 5 | +2 | 813 | -16 | 204 | N/A | L | H | (1432) | |
| 2101 | 204 | 796 | 7/4/2018 Dust storm | -23 | -61 | 38 | 0.95 | -16 | -59 | -43 | 7 | +2 | 821 | -25 | 205 | N/A | L | H | (1433) | |
| 2102 | 205 | 797 | 7/5/2018 Dust storm | -22 | -60 | 38 | 0.95 | -14 | -59 | -45 | 8 | +1 | 820 | -23 | 205 | N/A | L | H | (1434) | -4,163 |
| 2103 | 205 | 797 | 7/6/2018 Dust storm | -26 | -58 | 32 | 0.8 | -16 | -58 | -42 | 10 | 0 | 824 | -27 | 206 | N/A | L | H | (1435) | |
| 2104 | 206 | 797 | 7/7/2018 Dust storm | -23 | -59 | 36 | 0.9 | -15 | -58 | -43 | 8 | +1 | 824 | -27 | 206 | N/A | L | H | (1436) | -4,165 |
| 2105 | 207 | 802 | 7/8/2018 Dust storm | -25 | -61 | 36 | 0.9 | -15 | -59 | -44 | 10 | +2 | 821 | -19 | 207 | N/A | L | H | (1437) | |
| 2106 | 208 | 803 | 7/9/2018 Dust storm | -27 | -63 | 36 | 0.9 | -16 | -59 | -43 | 11 | +4 | 823 | -20 | 208 | N/A | L | H | (1438) | |
| 2107 | 208 | 807 | 7/11/2018 Dust storm | -21 | -65 | 44 | 1.1 | -15 | -59 | -44 | 6 | +6 | 828 | -21 | 208 | N/A | L | H | (1439) | -4,164 |
| 2108 | 209 | 806 | 7/12/2018 Dust storm | -24 | -65 | 41 | 1.025 | -15 | -58 | -43 | 9 | +7 | 828 | -22 | 209 | N/A | L | H | (1440) | -4,164 |
| 2109 | 209 | 809 | 7/13/2018 Dust storm | -22 | -66 | 44 | 1.1 | -12 | -60 | -48 | 10 | +6 | 828 | -19 | 210 | N/A | L | H | (1441) | |
| 2110 | 210 | 810 | 7/14/2018 Dust storm | -20 | -59 | 39 | 0.975 | -12 | -59 | -47 | 8 | 0 | 829 | -19 | 210 | N/A | L | H | (1442) | |
| 2111 | 211 | 813 | 7/15/2018 Dust storm | -20 | -67 | 47 | 1.175 | -12 | -60 | -48 | 8 | +7 | 831 | -18 | 211 | N/A | L | H | (1443) | |
| 2112 | 211 | 813 | 7/16/2018 Dust storm | -11 | -63 | 52 | 1.3 | -11 | -60 | -49 | 0 | +3 | 833 | -19 | 212 | N/A | L | H | (1444) | |
| 2113 | 212 | 815 | 7/17/2018 Dust storm | -20 | -62 | 42 | 1.05 | -11 | -60 | -49 | 9 | +2 | 836 | -21 | 212 | N/A | L | H | (1445) | |
| 2114 | 213 | 816 | 7/18/2018 Dust storm | -19 | -61 | 42 | 1.05 | -10 | -60 | -50 | 9 | +1 | 841 | 19 | 213 | N/A | L | H | (1446) | |
| 2115 | 213 | 818 | 7/19/2018 Dust storm | -21 | -61 | 40 | 1.0 | -12 | -60 | -48 | 9 | +1 | 841 | -25 | 214 | N/A | L | H | (1447) | |
| 2116 | 214 | 820 | 7/20/2018 Dust storm | -21 | -62 | 41 | 1.025 | -10 | -60 | -50 | 11 | +2 | 841 | -21 | 214 | N/A | L | H | (1448) | -4,159 |
| 2117 | 214 | 822 | 7/21/2018 Dust storm | -19 | -64 | 43 | 1.075 | -8 | -61 | -53 | 11 | +3 | 841 | -19 | 215 | N/A | L | H | (1449) | |
| 2118 | 215 | 822 | 7/22/2018 Dust storm | -19 | -68 | 49 | 1.225 | -10 | -62 | -52 | 11 | +6 | 842 | -20 | 215 | N/A | L | H | (1450) | |
| 2119 | 216 | 824 | 7/23/2018 Dust storm | -16 | -69 | 53 | 1.325 | -8 | -62 | -54 | 8 | +7 | 842 | -18 | 216 | N/A | L | H | (1451) | -4,159 |
| 2120 | 216 | 828 | 7/24/2018 Dust storm | -16 | -67 | 51 | 1.275 | -8 | -61 | -53 | 8 | +6 | 845 | -17 | 217 | N/A | L | H | (1452) | |
| 2121 | 217 | 829 | 7/25/2018 Dust storm | -18 | -62 | 44 | 1.1 | -8 | -62 | -54 | 10 | 0 | 850 | -21 | 217 | N/A | L | VH | (1453) | |
| 2122 | 218 | 830 | 7/26/2018 Dust storm | -14 | -63 | 49 | 1.225 | -6 | -62 | -56 | 8 | +1 | 854 | -24 | 218 | N/A | L | H | (1454) | |
| 2123 | 218 | 831 | 7/27/2018 Dust storm | -18 | -68 | 50 | 1.25 | -6 | -63 | -57 | 12 | +5 | 858 | -27 | 219 | N/A | L | H | (1455) | |
| 2124 | 219 | 832 | 7/28/2018 Dust storm | -17 | -67 | 50 | 1.25 | -6 | -62 | -56 | 11 | +5 | 859 | -27 | 220 | N/A | L | H | (1456) | |
| 2125 | 219 | 834 | 7/29/2018 Dust storm | -17 | -66 | 49 | 1.225 | -7 | -62 | -55 | 10 | +4 | 860 | -26 | 220 | N/A | L | H | (1457) | |
| 2126 | 220 | 837 | 7/30/2018 Dust storm | -18 | -63 | 45 | 1.125 | -8 | -63 | -55 | 10 | 0 | 859 | -22 | 220 | N/A | L | H | (1458) | -4,163 |
| 2127 | 221 | 838 | 7/31/2018 Dust storm | -18 | -69 | 51 | 1.275 | -7 | -64 | -57 | 11 | +5 | 861 | -23 | 221 | N/A | L | H | (1459) | |
| 2128 | 221 | 841 | 8/1/2018 Dust storm | -20 | -65 | 45 | 1.125 | -7 | -62 | -55 | 13 | +3 | 865 | -24 | 222 | N/A | L | H | (1460) | -4,169 |
| 2129 | 222 | 843 | 8/2/2018 Dust Storm | -21 | -66 | 45 | 1.125 | -7 | -63 | -56 | 14 | +3 | 870 | -27 | 222 | N/A | L | H | (1461) | |
| 2130 | 223 | 844 | 8/3/2018 Dust storm | -18 | -62 | 44 | 1.1 | -7 | -63 | -56 | 11 | -1 | 871 | -25 | 223 | N/A | L | H | (1462) | |
| 2131 | 223 | 846 | 8/4/2018 Dust storm | -21 | -67 | 46 | 1.15 | -6 | -63 | -57 | 15 | +4 | 871 | -24 | 223 | N/A | L | H | (1463) | |
| 2132 | 224 | 847 | 8/5/2018 Dust Storm | -16 | -69 | 53 | 1.325 | -4 | -64 | -60 | 12 | +5 | 871 | -24 | 224 | N/A | L | H | (1464) | -4,170 |
| 2133 | 225 | 849 | 8/6/2018 Dust Storm | -18 | -65 | 47 | 1.175 | -3 | -65 | -62 | 15 | 0 | 870 | -21 | 225 | N/A | L | H | (1465) | |
| 2134 | 225 | 851 | 8/7/2018 Dust Storm | -14 | -65 | 51 | 1.275 | -3 | -66 | -63 | 11 | -1 | 873 | -22 | 226 | N/A | L | H | (1466) | |
| 2135 | 226 | 854 | 8/8/2018 Dust Storm | -15 | -66 | 51 | 1.275 | -3 | -66 | -63 | 12 | 0 | 877 | -23 | 226 | N/A | L | H | (1467) | |
| 2136 | 227 | 856 | 8/9/2018 Dust Storm | -13 | -66 | 53 | 1.325 | -3 | -65 | -62 | 10 | +1 | 879 | -23 | 227 | N/A | L | H | (1468) | |
| 2137 | 227 | 867 | 8/10/2018 Dust Storm | -13 | -66 | 53 | 1.325 | -2 | -70 | -68 | 11 | -4 | 881 | -14 | 228 | N/A | L | H | (1469) | |
| 2138 | 228 | 858 | 8/11/2018 Dust Storm | -16 | -68 | 52 | 1.3 | -2 | -65 | -63 | 14 | +3 | 879 | -21 | 228 | N/A | L | M | (1470) | |
| 2139 | 228 | 857 | 8/12/2018 Dust Storm | -11 | -70 | 59 | 1.475 | -1 | -66 | 65 | 10 | +4 | 880 | -23 | 229 | N/A | L | M | (1471) | |
| 2140 | 229 | 858 | 8/13/2018 Dust Storm Winding down. | -10 | -70 | 60 | 1.5 | 0 | -67 | 67 | 10 | +3 | 879 | -21 | 229 | N/A | M | M | (1472) | |
| 2141 | 230 | 863 | 8/14/2018 | -17 | -66 | 49 | 1.225 | 0 | -71 | 71 | 17 | -5 | 881 | -18 | 230 | N/A | M | M | (1473) | |
| 2142 | 230 | 865 | 8/15/2018 | -10 | -71 | 61 | 1.525 | -1 | -67 | 66 | 9 | +4 | 889 | -24 | 231 | N/A | L | M | (1474) | |
| 2143 | 231 | 865 | 8/17/2018 | -12 | -71 | 59 | 1.475 | 0 | -67 | 67 | 12 | +4 | 890 | -25 | 231 | N/A | M | M | (1475) | |
| 2144 | 232 | 867 | 8/18/2018 | -11 | -67 | 56 | 1.4 | 1 | -69 | 71 | 12 | -2 | 888 | -21 | 232 | N/A | L | H | (1476) | -4,181 |
| 2145 | 232 | 868 | 8/19/2018 | -10 | -66 | 56 | 1.4 | 0 | -66 | 66 | 10 | 0 | 888 | -20 | 233 | N/A | L | H | (1477) | |
| 2146 | 233 | 870 | 8/20/2018 | -10 | -67 | 57 | 1.425 | 1 | -67 | 68 | 11 | 0 | 887 | -17 | 233 | N/A | M | M | (1478) | |
| 2147 | 233 | 870 | 8/21/2018 | -15 | -68 | 53 | 1.325 | 0 | -67 | 67 | 15 | +1 | 890 | -20 | 234 | N/A | L | M | (1479) LAST LOW UV | |
| 2148 | 234 | 872 | 8/22/2018 DUST STORM OVER | -13 | -67 | 54 | 1.35 | 2 | -67 | 69 | 15 | 0 | 893 | -21 | 235 | N/A | M | H | (1480) | |
| SOL | ~LS | PRESSURE Pa | EARTH DATE | MAX AIR TEMP °C | MIN AIR TEMP °C | AIR TEMP RANGE °C | AIR TEMP RANGE °C/40 | MAX GROUND TEMP °C | MIN GROUND TEMP °C | ∆ GROUND TEMP DAY TO NIGHT | DAYTIME CHANGE IN TEMP °C AIR TO GROUND | NIGHTTIME CHANGE IN TEMP °C AIR TO GROUND | PRESSURE AT SAME LS IN MSL LAST YEAR | ∆ PRESSURE LAST YEAR TO THIS YEAR SAME LS | ~LS Last Year | PRESSURE LAST YEAR BEFORE REVISION | UV YR 4 | UV YR 3) |
Brief Summary of 2018 Dust Storm Data.
In general the REMS Team-generated dust storm data can be summarized as follows:
- Air temperature highs much colder than normal.
- Air temperature lows much warmer than normal.
- Air temperature range much smaller than normal.
- Air temperature ranges often less than what is seen in deserts on Earth.
- Air and ground temperature highs below 0° C.
- Ground temperature highs much colder than normal.
- Ground temperature lows much warmer than normal.
- Night ground temperatures usually warmer than air temperatures which Is reverse of the normal situation.
- Ultraviolet radiation levels are low, something rarely seen before without retraction by NASA.
- Change in pressure from the previous Martian year seems to reflect the Ls and altitude change. But no apparent increase in pressure due to the weight of the dust is seen. This strongly suggests that the pressure data can be attributed to a human plugging in the previous year’s pressure data, making adjustments for altitude increase based on scale height but failing to consider any effects due to dust load. As such, the data strongly suggests that the data is largely manufactured and as such is not to be trusted.